Exactly right ! Without geology we would have no place to stand

Chicken or the egg all over again~

Cheese; after all, the moon is made of it.

Baked clay = pottery, make it thick enough and lay it like cobblestone.

Rammed earth.

Good luck with any longevity however. That's why we use stone , gravel other substrates.

I'm just glad I don't get stoned and worry about things like this

Paper.

tree fiddy

Coral reef ground up

Lots of roads in the north are winter roads only-built on ice.
Its easy to make a road on ice.

clam and oyster shells if you look a some of the old Masonry in Savannah GA and coastal area , it was made with shells as much of the aggregate.

or Ride a horse wouldn't need shoes since there would be nothing hard to protect the hoof from I suppose you could ride a camel also

wait for freeze up and drag everything across frozen ground snow and ice

only live hear water and transport everything by water but that would probably just be a massive swamp full of mud with no aggregate any where in the world

That question was asked in the 1950's by an officer on an Airforce promotion board. The questionee answered: "I don't know, sir." The questioner replied: "I don't know either; I thought maybe you could tell me." Chairman of the promotion board then said: "There could not be a substitute for something that never existed."

Regardless, I have seen mussels shells used on Louisiana coastal area roads.

Silly putty

Carpet...like they use it in the swamps of LA. Over time dirt will accumulate and grass will grow, giving it a solid “base”. No sinking.

Mud......keeps the riff raff out.
Cinders from burned coal. They used to use that on high school tracks. Don't fall down!!!!!!

If you buy all the rocks and gravel, you can corner the market on highway construction.

We once had plank roads.

Bones 🦴

as greencounty said oyster shell is the trick it will last forever and you get to eat the oysters first.

Town where I went to high school had several streets that were two layers of brick. Built in the early 1900s and I’ll bet are still there today.