k snow My knowledge of muzzle loaders is very limited .When you mention that this gun should throw a nice pattern and a hefty round . Are you saying it can be used as shotgun or rifle .And if that is the case are there other caliber/gauges that are able to be used the same way And for now 1 more question . About how far would it be effective as a rifle range wise , .
Since the bore is smooth (think modern shotgun) you can shoot shot loads or a single roundball of near bore diameter. Smoothbores (or fowlers) are most common in 20 gage, but come from 10 gage down to half inch bore. Military muskets are smoothbore and generally in the 75 to 80 caliber range. Most fowlers today are not equipped with a front sight, though many from the 18th century did have rear sights. They can be made deer hunting accurate to 50 or 60 yards, much past that and they start losing accuracy fast. We can consistently shoot 5 shot groups you can cover with the palm of your hand at 25 yards. Shot patterns are much more open than a modern shotgun as most smoothbores are cylinder bore.
I have a load that is good for turkey out to 25 yards.
In my 20 gages, I shoot a 0.620 inch roundball, on top of 75 to 90 grains of 2F powder.
The 16's will probably get a 0.650 ball.
Dad has a Belgian style musket that mics out at .80 caliber, we shoot a 0.750 ball out of that, over 100 plus grains of 2F powder. That's an awesome load for cutting 2x4s in competition.