Pictures,

Sanded

Looks punked to me. What are the hardwoods in your area? Could be ash or locust. To hard for me to tell by those pictures. Looks like it could even be pine.

That looks like locust to me...

Old telephone pole......western red cedar?

Likely a very local resinist tree.
100 years ago lots of old and straight junk woods

Looking at the shot of the rings I believe it is Cedar also.

Utilitie pole Western red cedar I would guess also.

looks sort of like cedar to me

the house my Great Great grandpa built in 1888 has all cedar rafters in a a pair of 5/4 by 12 or 14 planks nailed together as a ridge pole

when we re-decked the roof in 2003 pounding a nail into those was a bear , they had so much spring but at the same time were hard , nail gun ended up being the way to go you could shoot the nail in without the rafter bouncing the planking was 5/4 by any width it came out of the tree. knot holes big enough to stick your finger through all over the place , GG-Grandpa was a great lakes boat builder and likely saved the knot holed boards for house building , he also owned part of the sawmill for a time and timbered much of the area.

we borrowed the 16 penny nail gun and it had no safety at all , so get a sheet in place plug in the air nail that one sheet and unplug the air , or you could shoot nails any which way , no one likes getting shot.

My first thought was a utility pole, but could be Osage Orange or Mulberry.

The patina in the second picture looks like an old utility pole. I have seen quite a few used to build pole barns, but I. couldn't tell you what wood they are made from. I have torn out a fair number of ancient hedge(bois d'arc, osage orange) fence posts and the exterior and interior looked nothing like that.

My vote is yellow poplar.

As per the Amish.......a hedge post will last about 50 years........at that point, you pull it, turn it upside down and set it a second time. Amish humor.

Never been an Osage Orange / hedge tree that ever lived straight enough to be used for a barn pole.

Most 100 year old barn framing lumber in MO was made of oak or walnut, cut local....and set on a concrete foundation or big rocks. To see one buried.......is not normal, and may not be that old. Pressure treated (probably creosote) utility poles were used prior to pressure treated southern yellow pine.

We just fixed old barn my grandfather built 100 years ago. Framing....posts and sills were oak set on concrete. Shed attached to the side about 30 years later (50's) was creosoted poles. Those may have been Doug Fir. Even one of those had rotted off at ground level.

If cedar you should be able to smell it as soon as you started cutting it. Is the wood heavy or light a lot of poles are made out of western larch. It kind of looks like larch. I am not familiar with eastern wood.

if wood is light in weight, I say cedar

That is locust. In person it would be easier to tell but I’m almost positive. Seasoned locust is the best burning wood their is. When I bought my property, the previous owner went around and girdled about 100 locust trees. They had been standing dead for about 10 years. That wood is so hard it’s unreal. Tough on your equipment but burns great.

Whatever it is, the tree that pole came from lived for 150 years before it was cut down. A slow grower.
You need to cut a piece off of the end and smell the saw dust.
My bet is old growth southern yellow pine.

I'm starting to think there light/electric poles that weren't creaseated maybe cedar [smells like it] maybe pine, but at this point I'm not sure.