They actually come in many colors. White, yellow, orange, red and even purple.
Down here in the deep south the preferred types are the yellow to red that cook up soft and moist with high sugar content. I understand that the whites are more popular in the upper south with the purples being Asian in origin.
Poplar root and Ohenry are two well known white cultivars. Never grown them but my understanding is most white tend to be drier and not as sweet. I can't recall exactly which, sumer maybe, but there's one white recommend as a replacement for Irish potatoes being more starchy.
Got a friend north of me that grows a white that is sweet but drier than I prefer.
And then there's shapes and personal preferences.
One reason I like covington is it's consistent size. It was developed as an improved Beauregard for the restaurant trade where they want all food portions exactly the same.
For the same reason I dislike Georgia Jet. Highly variable with about half being huge clunkers and a bunch of small roots. The commercial growers hate the clunkers as they can only be sold as canners.
Vardamann is probably the prettiest I've grown. Purple cut leaf foliage a bunch type but lonnng skinny yellow roots, over a foot long on average.
For flavor the Mahan/Bradshaw is my pick and it's almost as consistent sized as the covington.
For a red the Carolina Ruby is good but can be scabby and pockmarked.
For a standard type bunch Puerto Rico is a good one though there are several different strains of Puerto Rico out there.
Now I'm wanting me some sweet potato pie. Hands down the Thanksgiving pie of the south, that and pecan.