Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: ol' dad]
#8257171
11/08/24 12:23 PM
11/08/24 12:23 PM
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Joined: Feb 2021
Interior Alaska
Oh Snap
trapper
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trapper
Joined: Feb 2021
Interior Alaska
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Corporate Welfare and constant brain washing!
I love the smell of burning spruce---I love the sound of a spring time goose---I love the feel of 40 below---from my trapline I will never go!
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: ol' dad]
#8257186
11/08/24 12:47 PM
11/08/24 12:47 PM
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Joined: May 2009
Champaign County, Ohio.
KeithC
trapper
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trapper
Joined: May 2009
Champaign County, Ohio.
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This is the results of a number of experiments on rats and mice in high population densities.
People behave the same way. We now know hormonal changes, when living in high density, causes a lot of the changes. Human males have much smaller genitalia and often become homosexual in high dendity populations. Human females become poor mothers. The brain chemistry changes in both sexes and the logic and fear response sections of the brain show less function
""Behavioral sink" is a term invented by ethologist John B. Calhoun to describe a collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation. The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962.[1] In the experiments, Calhoun and his researchers created a series of "rat utopias"[2] – enclosed spaces where rats were given unlimited access to food and water, enabling unfettered population growth. Calhoun coined the term "behavioral sink"[3] in a February 1, 1962, Scientific American article titled "Population Density and Social Pathology" on the rat experiment.[4] He would later perform similar experiments on mice, from 1968 to 1972.[5]
Calhoun's work became used as an animal model of societal collapse, and his study has become a touchstone of urban sociology and psychology in general.[6]
Contents Experiments edit Calhoun's early experiments with rats were carried out on farmland at Rockville, Maryland, starting in 1947.[7]
John Calhoun (age 52) with mice experiment (1970). While Calhoun was working at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1954, he began numerous experiments with rats and mice. During his first tests, he placed around 32 to 56 rats in a 10-by-14-foot (3.0 m × 4.3 m) cage in a barn in Montgomery County. He separated the space into four rooms. Every room was specifically created to support a dozen matured brown Norwegian rats. Rats could maneuver between the rooms by using the ramps. Since Calhoun provided unlimited resources, such as water, food, and also protection from predators as well as from disease and weather, the rats were said to be in "rat utopia" or "mouse paradise",[8] another psychologist explained.[9]
In the 1962 study, Calhoun described the behavior as follows:
Many [female rats] were unable to carry the pregnancy to full term or to survive delivery of their litters if they did. An even greater number, after successfully giving birth, fell short in their maternal functions. Among the males the behavior disturbances ranged from sexual deviation to cannibalism and from frenetic overactivity to a pathological withdrawal from which individuals would emerge to eat, drink and move about only when other members of the community were asleep. The social organization of the animals showed equal disruption.
The common source of these disturbances became most dramatically apparent in the populations of our first series of three experiments, in which we observed the development of what we called a behavioral sink. The animals would crowd together in greatest number in one of the four interconnecting pens in which the colony was maintained. As many as 60 of the 80 rats in each experimental population would assemble in one pen during periods of feeding. Individual rats would rarely eat except in the company of other rats. As a result extreme population densities developed in the pen adopted for eating, leaving the others with sparse populations.
In the experiments in which the behavioral sink developed, infant mortality ran as high as 96 percent among the most disoriented groups in the population.[4]
Following his earlier experiments with rats, Calhoun later created his "Mortality-Inhibiting Environment for Mice" in 1968: a 101-by-101-inch (260 cm × 260 cm) cage for mice with food and water replenished to support any increase in population,[10] which took his experimental approach to its limits. In his most famous experiment in the series, "Universe 25",[11] population peaked at 2,200 mice even though the habitat was built to tolerate a total population of 4000. Having reached a level of high population density, the mice began exhibiting a variety of abnormal, often destructive, behaviors including refusal to engage in courtship, and females abandoning their young. By the 600th day, the population was on its way to extinction. Though physically able to reproduce, the mice had lost the social skills required to mate.[7]
Calhoun retired from NIMH in 1984, but continued to work on his research results until his death on September 7, 1995.[12]
Explanation edit The specific voluntary crowding of rats to which the term "behavioral sink" refers is thought to have resulted from the earlier involuntary crowding: individual rats became so used to the proximity of others while eating that they began to associate feeding with the company of other rats. Calhoun eventually found a way to prevent this by changing some of the settings and thereby decreased mortality somewhat, but the overall pathological consequences of overcrowding remained.[13]
Further, researchers argued that "Calhoun's work was not simply about density in a physical sense, as number of individuals-per-square-unit-area, but was about degrees of social interaction."[14] "Social density" appears to be key.
Applicability to humans edit Calhoun had phrased much of his work in anthropomorphic terms, in a way that made his ideas highly accessible to a lay audience.[7]
Calhoun himself saw the fate of the population of mice as a metaphor for the potential fate of humankind. He characterized the social breakdown as a "spiritual death",[10] with reference to bodily death as the "second death" mentioned in the Biblical verse Revelation 2:11.[10]
The implications of the experiment are controversial. Psychologist Jonathan Freedman's experiment recruited high school and university students to carry out a series of experiments that measured the effects of density on human behavior. He measured their stress, discomfort, aggression, competitiveness, and general unpleasantness. He declared to have found no appreciable negative effects in 1975.[15]
The 1962 Scientific American article came at a time when overpopulation had become a subject of great public interest, and had a considerable cultural influence.[16] However, such discussions often oversimplified the original findings in various ways. It should however be noted that the work has another message than, for example, Paul Ehrlich's now widely disputed[17][18][19] book The Population Bomb.
Calhoun's worries primarily concerned a human population surge and a potentially independent increase in urbanization as an early stage of rendering much a given society functionally sterile. Under such circumstances society will move from some modality of overpopulation towards a much more irredeemable underpopulation. This has been seen in urban populations that have long been noted to have lower fertility than their rural counterparts,[20] but growing use of especially digital media is likely to end up depressing rural population growth as well.[21] As of today this primarily concerns elite population decline,[22] but can due to positive feedback in social diffusion have Calhoun's empirical predictions apply to a much wider segment of society as well."
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: KeithC]
#8257198
11/08/24 01:06 PM
11/08/24 01:06 PM
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Joined: Feb 2007
New York border
Cragar
trapper
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trapper
Joined: Feb 2007
New York border
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This is the results of a number of experiments on rats and mice in high population densities.
People behave the same way. We now know hormonal changes, when living in high density, causes a lot of the changes. Human males have much smaller genitalia and often become homosexual in high dendity populations. Human females become poor mothers. The brain chemistry changes in both sexes and the logic and fear response sections of the brain show less function
""Behavioral sink" is a term invented by ethologist John B. Calhoun to describe a collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation. The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962.[1] In the experiments, Calhoun and his researchers created a series of "rat utopias"[2] – enclosed spaces where rats were given unlimited access to food and water, enabling unfettered population growth. Calhoun coined the term "behavioral sink"[3] in a February 1, 1962, Scientific American article titled "Population Density and Social Pathology" on the rat experiment.[4] He would later perform similar experiments on mice, from 1968 to 1972.[5]
Calhoun's work became used as an animal model of societal collapse, and his study has become a touchstone of urban sociology and psychology in general.[6]
Contents Experiments edit Calhoun's early experiments with rats were carried out on farmland at Rockville, Maryland, starting in 1947.[7]
John Calhoun (age 52) with mice experiment (1970). While Calhoun was working at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1954, he began numerous experiments with rats and mice. During his first tests, he placed around 32 to 56 rats in a 10-by-14-foot (3.0 m × 4.3 m) cage in a barn in Montgomery County. He separated the space into four rooms. Every room was specifically created to support a dozen matured brown Norwegian rats. Rats could maneuver between the rooms by using the ramps. Since Calhoun provided unlimited resources, such as water, food, and also protection from predators as well as from disease and weather, the rats were said to be in "rat utopia" or "mouse paradise",[8] another psychologist explained.[9]
In the 1962 study, Calhoun described the behavior as follows:
Many [female rats] were unable to carry the pregnancy to full term or to survive delivery of their litters if they did. An even greater number, after successfully giving birth, fell short in their maternal functions. Among the males the behavior disturbances ranged from sexual deviation to cannibalism and from frenetic overactivity to a pathological withdrawal from which individuals would emerge to eat, drink and move about only when other members of the community were asleep. The social organization of the animals showed equal disruption.
The common source of these disturbances became most dramatically apparent in the populations of our first series of three experiments, in which we observed the development of what we called a behavioral sink. The animals would crowd together in greatest number in one of the four interconnecting pens in which the colony was maintained. As many as 60 of the 80 rats in each experimental population would assemble in one pen during periods of feeding. Individual rats would rarely eat except in the company of other rats. As a result extreme population densities developed in the pen adopted for eating, leaving the others with sparse populations.
In the experiments in which the behavioral sink developed, infant mortality ran as high as 96 percent among the most disoriented groups in the population.[4]
Following his earlier experiments with rats, Calhoun later created his "Mortality-Inhibiting Environment for Mice" in 1968: a 101-by-101-inch (260 cm × 260 cm) cage for mice with food and water replenished to support any increase in population,[10] which took his experimental approach to its limits. In his most famous experiment in the series, "Universe 25",[11] population peaked at 2,200 mice even though the habitat was built to tolerate a total population of 4000. Having reached a level of high population density, the mice began exhibiting a variety of abnormal, often destructive, behaviors including refusal to engage in courtship, and females abandoning their young. By the 600th day, the population was on its way to extinction. Though physically able to reproduce, the mice had lost the social skills required to mate.[7]
Calhoun retired from NIMH in 1984, but continued to work on his research results until his death on September 7, 1995.[12]
Explanation edit The specific voluntary crowding of rats to which the term "behavioral sink" refers is thought to have resulted from the earlier involuntary crowding: individual rats became so used to the proximity of others while eating that they began to associate feeding with the company of other rats. Calhoun eventually found a way to prevent this by changing some of the settings and thereby decreased mortality somewhat, but the overall pathological consequences of overcrowding remained.[13]
Further, researchers argued that "Calhoun's work was not simply about density in a physical sense, as number of individuals-per-square-unit-area, but was about degrees of social interaction."[14] "Social density" appears to be key.
Applicability to humans edit Calhoun had phrased much of his work in anthropomorphic terms, in a way that made his ideas highly accessible to a lay audience.[7]
Calhoun himself saw the fate of the population of mice as a metaphor for the potential fate of humankind. He characterized the social breakdown as a "spiritual death",[10] with reference to bodily death as the "second death" mentioned in the Biblical verse Revelation 2:11.[10]
The implications of the experiment are controversial. Psychologist Jonathan Freedman's experiment recruited high school and university students to carry out a series of experiments that measured the effects of density on human behavior. He measured their stress, discomfort, aggression, competitiveness, and general unpleasantness. He declared to have found no appreciable negative effects in 1975.[15]
The 1962 Scientific American article came at a time when overpopulation had become a subject of great public interest, and had a considerable cultural influence.[16] However, such discussions often oversimplified the original findings in various ways. It should however be noted that the work has another message than, for example, Paul Ehrlich's now widely disputed[17][18][19] book The Population Bomb.
Calhoun's worries primarily concerned a human population surge and a potentially independent increase in urbanization as an early stage of rendering much a given society functionally sterile. Under such circumstances society will move from some modality of overpopulation towards a much more irredeemable underpopulation. This has been seen in urban populations that have long been noted to have lower fertility than their rural counterparts,[20] but growing use of especially digital media is likely to end up depressing rural population growth as well.[21] As of today this primarily concerns elite population decline,[22] but can due to positive feedback in social diffusion have Calhoun's empirical predictions apply to a much wider segment of society as well." Interesting read. Thanks for posting.
NRA benefactor member
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: KeithC]
#8257219
11/08/24 01:37 PM
11/08/24 01:37 PM
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Joined: Dec 2007
Missouri
ol' dad
OP
trapper
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OP
trapper
Joined: Dec 2007
Missouri
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dang..would have never known that. Luckily I have internet access here on my 1200 acre farm where no one lives within 50 miles of me. Now excuse me while I go take few ibuprofen. My back is hurting. lol. ol dad
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: ol' dad]
#8257229
11/08/24 01:49 PM
11/08/24 01:49 PM
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Joined: Oct 2017
perry co.Pa
wetdog
trapper
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trapper
Joined: Oct 2017
perry co.Pa
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Keith, the mouse utopia is an interesting subject They even made a movie about it Secret of NIMH
Last edited by wetdog; 11/08/24 01:51 PM.
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: Big Possum]
#8257247
11/08/24 02:03 PM
11/08/24 02:03 PM
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Joined: Jan 2007
Georgia
warrior
trapper
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trapper
Joined: Jan 2007
Georgia
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If you take those couple of blue dots out of Illinois we would be a red state. As it is those two blue dots control. The whole state. The population of cook county can outvote all the other counties combined. It’s the reason we have a democratic governor, senate and house. If you dig into the numbers, particularly the shifts, in this election you'll find surprising stuff. Like how almost all blue cities across the country shifted right. Not enough to be anywhere near a flip mind you but enough the there was serious talk that New Jersey, Virginia and possibly even Illinois might be in play. There were several interesting county flips around the country as well including in commiefornia. Now if only the wise people can build on that rather than let the momentum fail.
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: wetdog]
#8257255
11/08/24 02:16 PM
11/08/24 02:16 PM
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Joined: May 2009
Champaign County, Ohio.
KeithC
trapper
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trapper
Joined: May 2009
Champaign County, Ohio.
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Keith, the mouse utopia is an interesting subject They even made a movie about it Secret of NIMH You can watch the secret of NIHM in segment on YouTube. They unfortunately added an animal rights theme. Watership Down is based loosely on the study too. The doe rabbits in the warrens run by General Woundwort go sterile and reabsorb their litters, a nod to abortion in cities, as well as the fertility issues. The buck rabbits turn vicious and most don't breed and become lethargic. Keith
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Re: Blue cities vs red country
[Re: corky]
#8257398
11/08/24 06:09 PM
11/08/24 06:09 PM
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Joined: Dec 2006
MN, Land of 10,000 Lakes
Trapper7
trapper
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trapper
Joined: Dec 2006
MN, Land of 10,000 Lakes
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There are very few blue States, only blue cities. That certainly holds true for MN. The Twin Cities and Duluth decide our elections.
DOGE is not coming after your money. They are coming after the people who are stealing your money.
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