Curious to hear opinions on if it would be remotely possible for someone to head to AK and attempt to catch a wolverine without having a remote cabin etc. Interested in hearing the holdups, potential, etc to entertaining this idea.

Ask Bruce T

LMAO!!!
Without a guide, it would be extremely difficult.

Are there any trapping guide businesses currently operating? There was a lodge on the Denali hiway that used to, I believe.
How much money you willing to shell out, 160?

In my opinion you would need to know ahead of time exactly where to go. You'd need a means of getting around the area....snowshoes........or a machine.....it would need to be an area with a known population and you would need some type of shelter, heat, food etc. Traps, snares, bait. Lots of logistics. Oh.......and i would say you should budget at least a month on the ground.

As others have mentioned a 'guided' trip would improve but not guarantee your odds of success.
Just winging it on your own I would say the probability of success is approaching zero.

Yeah, I don't know about "guided". Checking someone else's traps just doesn't do it for me. Sure would love to figure out how to make it happen to catch one though. Not sure how else to go about it.

Guided isn't exactly checking someone else's traps. They would be your traps, you would just be guided in where to put them. Almost certainly, a guided trip would greatly increase your chances of success.
If you were to come up here to catch a few marten, or a lynx, maybe a couple fox, go up north and catch an Arctic fox, those could all be doable without help. The wolverine is a different story.