I don't think he knows his exact future. But, has a pretty good idea that for him it's not good.

It would seem that the creation of man and the pedestal God put man on was very upsetting to Satan. He hates man and seeks to destroy man. He once considered himself equal to his own creator. When he realized that was incorrect he gets back at God by turning man against God. That's probably the only way he can hurt God. Because of this he has to know that in the end he has no future.

The world was sliding away from God and Satan was winning. That's when God saw the hold Satan was having on mankind. He knew the world needed saving before it was too late. He sent his son, Jesus to save the world in a way no one, not even Satan expected.